Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of negotiation?

The stages of negotiation are typically defined as a series of distinct phases that facilitate the negotiation process, enabling parties to reach an agreement. The stages often include preparation, where parties outline their objectives and strategies; exchanging information, where each side shares their viewpoints and positions; and closing and commitment, where the final agreement is reached and formalized.

The term "execution" does not represent a recognized stage within this conventional framework of negotiation. While execution might be relevant in the context of implementing an agreement once a deal is made, it is not a stage leading up to or involved in the negotiation itself. Thus, identifying execution as a stage of negotiation is incorrect, which confirms the choice made. This understanding emphasizes the importance of recognizing established negotiation models and the specific processes they define.